In a courtroom in Munich, Nora sat across from the person who bought her as a slave, abused and killed her five-year-old daughter.
Nora and Reda were held captive by the Islamic State (IS) jihadist group in Iraq in 2015, a year after IS began what the United Nations (UN) says is a genocidal campaign against the Yazidi ethnic-religious minority.
They were "bought" as slaves by husband and wife IS members, Taha Al Jumaili and Jennifer Venish, who traveled from Germany to Fallujah, a city about 70 kilometers west of the capital Baghdad.
At the end of July, five-year-old Reda fell ill and peed her bed.
To punish her, Al Jumaili took the girl outside and chained her to a window in 50 degree Celsius temperature.
He and his wife left the child to die of dehydration while her mother, locked inside, could only watch.
Veniš is one of the first IS members to be tried and convicted of war crimes in 2021.
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A month later, Al Jumaili convicted of genocide.
Nora's testimony was key to finding them guilty.
"This is possible, it has been done," says Nadija Murad, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, a member of the Yazidi people.
She is from the same village as Nora and has been fighting for this kind of justice for the past ten years.
"What people don't know about (IS) and similar groups is that they don't care about their own lives.
"But they are so afraid to face women and girls in court," she says.
"If they don't answer in front of the whole world, they will appear again and again under a different name," he adds.
In 2014, the Islamic State captured a large part of northern Iraq and began to persecute religious and ethnic minorities, but it applied particular cruelty to the Yazidi ethnic-religious group, whose religion it despises.
Members of the Islamic State killed thousands of Yazidi men, boys over the age of 12 and older women, took thousands of young women and girls captive as sex slaves, and indoctrinated boys to be child soldiers.
Out of tens of thousands of IS members, less than 20 have been convicted of war crimes before courts in Germany, Portugal and the Netherlands.
In Iraq, IS members were tried for terrorist acts, but not for war crimes.
The convictions in Europe were delivered with the help of a seven-year investigation by UNITAD, the UN investigative team to determine responsibility for crimes committed by Daesh/IS, which was founded by Nadia Murad.
The team collected millions of pieces of evidence.
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But the investigation ended in September, when Iraq refused to continue cooperating with the UN.
The evidence is now on a server in the UN building in New York.
Murad cannot understand why there is no political will to try and convict more IS members.
The number of IS members tried in Iraq is unknown, many are in custody on charges of terrorism, but these proceedings are not transparent.
The Minister of Justice of Iraq said in 2023 that there are about 20.000 people in prison, accused of terrorist acts, of which 8.000 have been sentenced to death, but it is not known how many of them are IS members.
"It's terribly traumatic for the survivors of their crimes," says Murad.
Most of Murad's family members were killed.
Like Nora, she was held captive, IS members sold her to each other, raped her and gang-raped her several times.
No one came to save her, and she managed to escape when the door was once left unlocked.
She walked for hours until she knocked on the door of the family who helped her escape from IS-controlled territory.
"I felt guilty for surviving while my younger nieces, friends and neighbors stayed there," she says.
"Being a survivor, I took it as an obligation to share my story so that people would know what really happened in the areas under (IS) control."
Murad spoke openly and thus overcame the shame associated with sexual violence in Iraq.
Many of the women she knows have tried to stay silent to protect themselves from the stigma, but Murad convinced relatives and friends to testify for the UN investigative team.
A large part of her work is dedicated to protecting the rights of victims of sexual violence.
She created guidelines called the "Muradin Code" to help survivors control what they want to reveal when talking to investigators and the press.
"Sexual violence and rape is something that remains long after the end of the war.
"It stays forever and lives in your body, in your mind and in your bones," she says.
Murad is worried about how the Iraqi government will treat the victims of the genocide without UN help, and is not encouraged by the way her relatives are being exhumed.
There are up to 200 mass graves of people killed by IS, and with the support of the UN mission, 68 were exhumed, 15 of which are located in Murad's village.
That process is now in the hands of the Iraqi authorities, and only about 150 of the thousands of bodies have been identified.
Of Murad's eight brothers, six were killed by IS, and only two were properly buried.
"My mom, nephews, four brothers, cousins, they're all in a building in Baghdad," she says.
"It is very painfully slow for many of us who are waiting for it to end in some way."
When some of the victims were identified recently, their relatives found out about it on Facebook because the Iraqi authorities did not inform them.
Kristijan Ričer, the former head of UNITAD, told the BBC that body identification is a long and difficult process.
Although UNITAD has achieved much, he believes that the investigation has ended too soon.
On the 10th anniversary of the Yazidi genocide, Murad criticizes institutions like the UN, established to prevent such crimes.
"These international bodies leave people in the lurch again and again.
"Give me one example where they managed to prevent war, whether in Iraq or Syria, Gaza and Israel, Congo or Ukraine.
"They were supposed to protect the most vulnerable," she says.
"They are more interested in what is best for their parties and politics," he adds.
She is worried that the war in Gaza and Lebanon will spread and that the remaining members of the Islamic State will once again take advantage of the chaos in the Middle East.
"You cannot defeat an ideology like (IS) with weapons alone.
"We know that there are many more and that they got away with it," she says.
"I feel that on that day in court when I did not remain silent, not accepting guilt, shame and stigma, I received some kind of justice.
"But the pain of my sisters, nephews, friends, and those who survived these crimes and did not publicly share their stories, is so present and real.
"It is this trauma that I think can only be overcome with justice".
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