Romania, a land of timeless traditions, art and folklore, has given Europe some of its most outstanding figures who continue to inspire the world today. From poetic masterpieces to enchanting folklore and stunning visual art, Romania's cultural heritage is rich and varied. In this article, three prominent Romanians take us through various aspects of their country's traditions, arts and literature, giving us a personal insight into what makes Romanian culture unique.
In a conversation with academician Ion Deaconescu, honorary consul of Montenegro in Romania, and painter Laura Kremene, we explore the rich cultural heritage of Romania and its connections with Montenegro.
Deaconescu: The bridge between Romania and Montenegro through literature
As a poet, prose writer, literary critic, translator and president of the "Mihai Eminescu" International Academy, what can you say about Romanian literature throughout history and its great personalities?
In the wide panorama of Romanian literature, great men such as Dimitri Cantemir, Alexandri, Makedonski, Nikola Jorg, Mihail Sadovean, Vasilij Voiculjescu, Lucian Blaga, Djordje Bakovia, Ion Pilat, Ion Barbu, Tudor Argesius, Livius Rebreanu, Gale Galactijon, occupy a well-deserved place with their extraordinary deeds. After 1960, a new group of poets appeared, led by Nikica Stanescu, Marin Sorescu, Adrian Paunescu, Ion Alexandru, Mircea Ivanescu, Cesar Ivanescu, Mircea Cobanu, Djo Dumitrescu, Ana Blandian, Ileana Malanciou, Cesar Baltag, Virgil Mazilescu, who shape the words to create emotion and beauty, in the turbulent a period marked by strong ideological upheavals.
We were never silent bells or tin drums, because we had and have an impressive culture, a rich past of spiritual exploits. Romanian personalities gave the world several cultural directions, such as Dadaism, Letrism, Theater of the Absurd and Modernism in sculpture. In this sense, Tristan Cara, Izidor Iso, Eugen Ionesko, Brancusi, Mirča Eliade, Emil Cioran are names known and appreciated all over the world. The act of creation is all-encompassing, a struggle with norms, which sometimes departs from reality, creating something new and transcending the outdated.
Today, Romanian poetry, like prose, makes visible efforts to preserve its modernity, expressive specificity, the unity of poetic and narrative discourse, as well as the balance between emotion and tradition, avoiding often informal writing and excessive immersion in contradictory everyday life. Mircea Cartarescu, a candidate for the Nobel Prize for Literature, is a reference voice of contemporary poetry, along with Ana Blandiana, Konstantin Pred, Konstantin Barbu, Mircea Dinescu. From the new wave of Romanian poets, I would definitely highlight: Magda Karneći, Spiridon Popescu, Dinu Flamand, Adrian Popescu, Viktorija Tatara and many others.
Who is the most important Romanian poet and what does he have to do with Montenegro?
Soon, on January 15, 2025, to be precise, we will celebrate the day of Mihaj Eminescu, the most important national poet of Romania. He left us an imperishable cultural heritage, which will forever be preserved in the collective memory of our people. Eminescu became a book, a myth, a history, an epoch, because he gave us another language, another country. He was more than a poet; he is a world, a time, a legend of national revival, a prince with a heart as big as Romania.
To celebrate his contribution to world heritage, the "Mihai Eminescu" World Poetry Festival brings together dozens of poets from hundreds of countries, including Montenegro, in the city of Craiova and partner cities around the world every year.
The monument dedicated to Mihaj Eminescu (1850–1889) was erected in Podgorica this year with the support of the Embassy of Romania in Montenegro and the Capital City of Podgorica. President of Montenegro Jakov Milatović, former president Milo Đukanović, mayor of Podgorica Olivera Injac and president of the local parliament of Podgorica were declared honorary members of the "Mihai Eminescu" International Academy and the Eminescu Foundation from Romania for their contribution to the promotion of the national poet of Romania in this country.
Laura Kremene: Romanian art on the world stage
"Romanian art was shaped by the vision of greats such as Nicola Grigorescu and Konstantin Brankuši, whose works transformed the world art scene. "Modern artists like Adrian Ghenia and Victor Man bring a unique perspective, combining tradition with innovation," said Kremene.
"As an artist who uses mixed media, I draw inspiration from people and their stories. One of the proudest moments in my career was organizing an exhibition of royal portraits at the residence of the British ambassador in Montenegro on the occasion of the coronation of King Charles III. In Montenegro, I also organize artistic events, such as an evening dedicated to Frida Kahlo, which revives the community through art," said Kremene.
Romania and Montenegro continue to build bridges through the joint celebration of art, literature and culture, while joint initiatives bring new perspectives and strengthen ties between these two nations.
Romanian painting and sculpture - to Alexander Ionescu (art historian)
"Romanian artists combine heritage with innovation, offering a rich visual language."
Romanian painting and sculpture developed alongside the country's cultural history, often inspired by rural life and national identity.
Konstantin Brancusi (1876–1957): One of the most famous sculptors in the world, Brancusi is a pioneer of modern sculpture. His masterpieces, like Endless columns i A kiss, emphasize simplicity, form and spirituality, drawing inspiration from Romanian folk motifs.
Nikolay Grigoresku (1838–1907): The founder of modern Romanian painting, Grigorescu is known for his depictions of rural landscapes, peasants and village life. His impressionistic brush strokes elevate the scenes of the Romanian countryside to the world level of recognition.
Contemporary art: Adrijan Geni: Contemporary artist gaining international fame for bold and provocative works. Genius' use of modern expressionist techniques explores themes of history, identity and human emotion, cementing Romania's place on the global art scene. Geni is currently the most awarded Romanian painter, with works exhibited in prestigious galleries such as the Tate Modern and sold at auctions for record sums.
Romanian literature and poetry - Joana Stanescu (literary critic)
"Romanian poetry and prose reflect the soul of our nation, bridging time and language." Romanian literature has given the world masterpieces of poetry and prose, known for their depth and lyrical expression.
Mihail Eminescu (1850–1889): Often called the "Lučafarul" (Danica Star) of Romanian poetry, Eminescu is the most beloved Romanian poet. His poem “Luchafarul" is an epic story that combines love, eternity and the beauty of nature. His works continue to shape Romanian identity and inspire poetry around the world.
Jon Kreanga (1837–1889): Known for his vivid storytelling, Kreangin “Memories from childhood" they paint a nostalgic picture of rural life, filled with humor and warmth.
Modern swimming pools: Romania continues to produce exceptional authors, such as Mircea Kartarescu, whose postmodernist masterpieces, such as Solenoid i Nostalgia, enjoy international recognition. His works explore themes of memory, surrealism and identity, offering deep reflections on contemporary life.
Contemporary voices: Writers like Tatiana Cira, whose works explore themes of migration, belonging and history, and Joana Pârvulescu, known for her historical novels, shape modern Romanian literature and reach a global audience.
The most awarded author: Mircea Cartarescu is Romania's most awarded and internationally recognized contemporary writer, who has received numerous awards, including the Leipzig Prize for European Understanding and the Thomas Mann Prize.
Customs and folklore - Marija Popescu (lover of folklore)
"Romanian traditions are a bridge between generations, keeping our stories alive."
Romania's folklore is deeply rooted in its rural roots, where stories, music and dance have been passed down for centuries.
- Celebrations and customs: Among the most famous traditions is Mărțișor (March 1), when people exchange red and white threads that symbolize health and spring. Another colorful tradition is the Călușarii, an energetic folk dance recognized by UNESCO for its ritual and healing significance.
- National costumes: Traditional clothing of Romania features rich embroideries, bright colors and symbols inspired by nature. The Ie, a traditional blouse, is now celebrated worldwide as a symbol of Romanian identity.
- Folk art: Horezu pottery, hand-woven carpets and wood carvings remain key crafts, demonstrating Romania's creativity and respect for nature.
Romania: Living Cultural Heritage
Romanian culture is a rich tapestry interwoven with art, tradition and literature. Whether through the timeless dance of Călușarii, Brancusi's ethereal sculptures or Eminescu's lyrically colored poetry, Romania's cultural heritage lives on, connecting past and future generations. For anyone who wants to explore this heritage, Romania offers a unique journey into its soul, where every corner hides a story waiting to be told.
From bustling cities like Bucharest, with its museums and theaters, to rural villages that preserve age-old customs, Romania invites travelers and culture lovers to experience its traditions firsthand. Through its artists, poets and visionaries, Romania continues to flourish, sharing its timeless culture with the world.
This text was created in cooperation with the Embassy of Romania in Montenegro, as part of the "Europe for us" project.
Check your acquired knowledge about Romania and its gastronomy and culture tomorrow in a quiz organized by the Embassy and Vijesti.
Five participants with the most correct answers will be awarded.
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